See Nowak on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pl:Nowak<t:newcomer>",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"newcomer\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak (“newcomer”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Nowak (“newcomer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Nowak (plural Nowaks)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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{
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"source": "w"
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{
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surname from Polish."
],
"id": "en-Nowak-en-name-HT-Nr2xo",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "cs:Novák",
"4": "pl:Nowak"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Czech\", \"term\" : \"Novák\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"cs\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*nu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*new-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*néwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"Nowak\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "cs",
"3": "Novák",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pl",
"3": "Nowak"
},
"expansion": "Polish Nowak",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Czech Novák or Polish Nowak. The meaning newcomer, novice is equivalent to the native surname Neumann",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"raw_tags": [
"with an article"
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Novak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Nowaks or (with an article) Nowak, feminine genitive Nowak, plural Nowaks)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "German surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-Nowak-de-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"proper-noun",
"surname"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnoːvak/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Nowak.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/De-Nowak.ogg/De-Nowak.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/De-Nowak.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m inan",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "Nowaka",
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mountains",
"orig": "pl:Mountains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nowak (a mountain in the Králický Sněžník Mountains and Sudetes, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Nowak-pl-name-z8ZDH2wF",
"links": [
[
"Nowak",
"Nowak#English"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"Králický Sněžník Mountains",
"Králický Sněžník Mountains#English"
],
[
"Sudetes",
"Sudetes#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nFrom nowak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "Nowakowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish male surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"id": "en-Nowak-pl-name-IRlLAcDj",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nFrom nowak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "married form Nowakowa",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"form": "unmarried form Nowakówna",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaczanka",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1",
"marr": "Nowakowa",
"unmarr": "Nowakówna,Nowaczanka"
},
"expansion": "Nowak f (indeclinable, traditional married form Nowakowa, traditional unmarried form Nowakówna or Nowaczanka)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish female surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Nowak-pl-name-yitEyztR",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pl:Nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowakbor.\nPortuguese Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*nu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*new-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*néwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" }\" data-lang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowakbor.\nPortuguese Nowak\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m or f by sense",
"name": "pt-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname from Polish"
],
"id": "en-Nowak-pt-name-8hfoJxLC",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pl:Nowak<t:newcomer>",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"newcomer\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak (“newcomer”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Polish Nowak (“newcomer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Nowak (plural Nowaks)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English surnames",
"English surnames from Polish",
"English terms borrowed from Polish",
"English terms derived from Old Polish",
"English terms derived from Polish",
"English terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"A surname from Polish."
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "cs:Novák",
"4": "pl:Nowak"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Czech\", \"term\" : \"Novák\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"cs\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*nu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*new-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*néwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"Nowak\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "cs",
"3": "Novák",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pl",
"3": "Nowak"
},
"expansion": "Polish Nowak",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Czech Novák or Polish Nowak. The meaning newcomer, novice is equivalent to the native surname Neumann",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"raw_tags": [
"with an article"
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Novak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Nowaks or (with an article) Nowak, feminine genitive Nowak, plural Nowaks)",
"name": "de-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries referencing missing etymons",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German nouns with multiple genders",
"German proper nouns",
"German surnames",
"German surnames from Czech",
"German surnames from Polish",
"German terms borrowed from Czech",
"German terms borrowed from Polish",
"German terms derived from Czech",
"German terms derived from Old Polish",
"German terms derived from Polish",
"German terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"proper-noun",
"surname"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnoːvak/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Nowak.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/De-Nowak.ogg/De-Nowak.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/De-Nowak.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nFrom nowak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m inan",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "Nowaka",
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Mountains",
"pl:Places in Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Nowak (a mountain in the Králický Sněžník Mountains and Sudetes, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Nowak",
"Nowak#English"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"Králický Sněžník Mountains",
"Králický Sněžník Mountains#English"
],
[
"Sudetes",
"Sudetes#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nFrom nowak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowakowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "Nowakowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvak/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nFrom nowak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Novák"
},
"expansion": "Czech Novák",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowak\nFrom nowak. Compare Czech Novák.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "married form Nowakowa",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"form": "unmarried form Nowakówna",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"form": "Nowaczanka",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1",
"marr": "Nowakowa",
"unmarr": "Nowakówna,Nowaczanka"
},
"expansion": "Nowak f (indeclinable, traditional married form Nowakowa, traditional unmarried form Nowakówna or Nowaczanka)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"No‧wak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"No‧wak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔ.vak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvak"
},
{
"homophone": "nowak"
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pl:Nowak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowakbor.\nPortuguese Nowak\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*nu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*new-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*néwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*náwas\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*nòvъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"Nowak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" }\" data-lang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Nowak\">\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *náwas\nProto-Slavic *nòvъ\nOld Polish nowy\nPolish nowy\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish nowak\nPolish Nowakbor.\nPortuguese Nowak\nBorrowed from Polish Nowak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense"
},
"expansion": "Nowak m or f by sense",
"name": "pt-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with etymology texts",
"Portuguese entries with etymology trees",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns with multiple genders",
"Portuguese proper nouns",
"Portuguese surnames",
"Portuguese surnames from Polish",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Polish",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Polish",
"Portuguese terms derived from Polish",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *new- (new)",
"Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nu",
"Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *néwos",
"Portuguese terms spelled with K",
"Portuguese terms spelled with W",
"Portuguese uncountable proper nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname from Polish"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Nowak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Nowak meaning in All languages combined (32.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.